All rotating field alternators (automotive or generating sets) require some magnetism to start them generating, after which they are self energising. With automotive devices, the charge ind. lamp supplies the initial current to provide magnetic flux in the rotor. Larger (modern) stator generating sets utilise residual magnetism in the rotor to initiate generation.
I remember one newly formed company, that started making cheap rotating field generators some 40 odd years ago, having to recall or fix thousands of units (a lot already exported to the far corners of the planet) because they would not self-excite.
The soft iron rotors demagnetised themselves as the generator ran down when the generator was stopped. A small hole was drilled in each rotor and a small permanent magnet fixed in. End of problem.
My large, heavy, rolled steel generator with rotating armature (output via slip rings and brushes) has more than sufficient residual magnetism, within the frame, to initiate generation. I believe it is one reason why armature generators tend to be better, for initial heavy surge current duties like starting motors, than stator generators with electronic AVRs. The latter are likely more efficient and most certainly lighter.
